The Passion of the Batman, part 6热情的蝙蝠侠，第6部分

This is the sixth, and final, part of my homage to Batman.  Make sure you’ve read the five previous Batman posts before digging into today’s post.这是第六次，也是最后，我的部分参拜蝙蝠侠。请确认您已经阅读五前蝙蝠侠职位之前，挖掘到今天的职位。 Tomorrow,明天， Batman Begins蝙蝠侠 opens in theaters nationwide.  I hope that my six part essay will help deepen your viewing experience.开幕式战区在全国范围内，我希望我的六个部分征文将有助于深化你的视觉体验。

WHAT HATH 什么祂所
GOTHAM CITY 世界街头城市
TO DO WITH JERUSALEM? 这样做与耶路撒冷？

I have attempted to show that in the DarkKnight Returns , Frank Miller re-interprets the story and tradition of the Batman,我曾试图表明， 在darkknight回报 ，弗兰克米勒重新诠释的故事和传统的蝙蝠侠，
using Christian imagery in order to show the Batman as a messianic figure who 用基督教的意象，以显示蝙蝠侠作为弥赛亚的数字，谁
brings salvation to a world falling apart. Miller?s use of religious imagery underscores his reformation of the 带来的救赎，以一个世界不成国，家不成。米勒？ s使用的宗教意象突显了他的改革的
comic book genre.漫画书的体裁。 At this point, I want在这一点上，我想
to depart a bit from viewing the Dark离开有点看黑暗
Knight Returns through the lens of faith, and perhaps view our faith a bit 骑士回报，透过镜头的信仰，也许检视我们的信仰有点
through the lens of the Dark Knight通过镜头的黑暗骑士
Returns . 回报 。 While it is outside the虽然这是外
main argument of this paper, I would like to briefly point to two things we can主要论据这份文件，我想简单点，以两件事，我们可以
learn from Miller?s work.学习米勒？的工作。

Contextualizing the Christ Narrative Afresh contextualizing基督的叙事重新

I think much can be learned from我觉得很多可以学到从
Miller?s approach to revising the Batman story.米勒有何办法修改蝙蝠侠的故事。 While remaining faithful to the entire Batman tradition, Miller is able而余下的忠实整个蝙蝠侠传统中，米勒是能
to add new elements which make the Batman?s story more compelling in our添加新的元素，使蝙蝠侠有何故事更具吸引力，在我们的
generation.一代。 Geoff Klock writes,杰夫klock写道，
“Batman?s (and Miller?s) struggle is not to control any villain but to master “蝙蝠侠？ S （下和米勒？ ）的斗争是不以控制任何坏人，但要掌握
preceding visions of himself and his tradition.”前面的愿景，他本人和传统“ 。 [1] [ 1 ] The 那个
Dark Knight Returns is an exercise in revision. 黑暗骑士的回报是行使在修订。 The particulars of the Batman don?t change-he有关详情的蝙蝠侠唐？ T改变-他
isn?t given a new costume, or a new name. isn ？吨提供了新的服装，或一个新名称。 Miller is able to change the meaning of the Batman by placing him in a米勒是能够改变的意义的蝙蝠侠，把他在一
new context-making Miller?s work fundamentally an exercise in新的背景下决策米勒？的工作根本的一项工作
contextualization.语境。

While we most certainly must be而我们最当然必须
careful, in doing so, I believe Christians need to consider how we could learn小心，在这样做，我相信基督徒需要考虑如何，我们可以了解
from Miller?s achievement and approach the gospel afresh.从米勒有何成就和做法，重新福音。 This is obviously fraught with danger, since这显然是充满了危险，因为
the Batman is merely a fictional character who exists for our entertainment,该蝙蝠侠只是一个虚构的性格谁也存在我们的娱乐，
whereas Jesus Christ is both historical and the object of our worship.而耶稣基督是历史和对象我们的崇拜。 But if we are faithful to both the story of但如果我们忠实于都的故事
the gospels, as well as the past two thousand years of tradition, perhaps福音，以及过去二千年的传统，或许
theologians can tell the story afresh in new contexts.神学家可以告诉的故事重新在新的背景。 After all, isn?t this what each of the gospel毕竟， isn ？吨，这是什么每一个福音
writers did?作家呢？ They each relay a message他们每个继电器的讯息
that is fundamentally the same, yet unique-being shaped by the concerns of这是基本相同，但独特的福祉，塑造的关注
their intended audiences.他们打算观众。

This will result in greater这将导致更大的
faithfulness-not less-for it requires us to engage the gospel before we忠诚-不是更少-它要求我们从事福音之前，我们
intentionally reinterpret it for our generation.有意重新诠释，它为我们这一代人。 Often, the gospel is reshaped unintentionally很多时候，福音是重塑有意无意
by pragmatism or the felt needs of our society.由实用主义，或认为社会的需要。 We, like Miller, should go through this process intentionally, as to我们一样，米勒，应通过这个过程故意，以
make sure that our telling of the story is faithful to who Jesus Christ was and确保我们讲的故事是忠实于谁是耶稣基督和
is.是。

Understanding the Conflict between the American Monomyth and the Gospel 理解之间的冲突，美国monomyth和福音

If,如果，
indeed, the story of the Batman has become a mythic story in our culture-encapsulating事实上，故事的蝙蝠侠已成为一个神话故事，在我们的文化-灌封
and expressing dominant cultural values-then we need to take the message of the并表示主导的文化价值观，那么我们需要采取的讯息，该
Batman seriously.蝙蝠侠严重。 In talking about the在谈到
American superhero myth, John Shelton美国超级英雄的神话，约翰谢尔顿
Lawrence and Robert Jewett write, “The connection of these superhero materials劳伦斯和罗伯特jewett写“ ，连接这些超人材料
with the American religious heritage illustrates the displacement of the story与美国宗教遗产，说明位移的故事
of redemption.赎回。 Only in a culture只有在一个文化
preoccupied for centuries with the question of salvation is the appearance of专注于数百年来与问题，救恩是外观
redemption through superheroes comprehensible.赎回通过超级理解的。 The secularization process in this instance did not eliminate the need世俗化的过程中在这方面，例如没有消除的必要性
for redemption, as the Enlightenment had attempted to do, but rather displaces赎回，由于启示曾试图这样做，而是取代
it with superhuman agencies.它与超人的机构。 Powers that the culture had earlier reserved for权力的文化早前已预留作
God and his angelic beings are transferred to an Everyman, conveniently上帝和他的天使都转移到一everyman ，方便
shielded by an alter ego.”屏蔽由另一个自我“ 。 [2] [ 2 ] For many, then, our cultural superhero myths对许多人来说，那么，我们的文化超人的神话
have taken on religious importance.已采取对宗教的重要性。 This这个
isn?t to say that people worship the Batman-but it is to say that the Batman isn ？吨指出，人民崇拜蝙蝠侠-但它指出，蝙蝠侠
expresses the new spiritual and religious sensibilities of our culture.体现了新的精神和宗教感情，我们的文化。

Frank Miller epitomizes this弗兰克米勒，集中体现了这
sensibility when he writes, “I?m in love with heroes, not because I think there感性时，他写道， “我？米，在爱与英雄，这并不是因为我觉得有
are that many, or that there is any one是很多，或有任何一
individual who could do what Batman does…but because I think we?re at our best个别谁可以做什么蝙蝠侠是否… …但因为我认为我们的呢？重新在我们的最好的
when we?re autonomous.”当我们？重新自治区“ 。 [3] [ 3 ] One of the religious values which the Batman其中的宗教价值观，其中蝙蝠侠
incarnates is that of autonomy or self-sufficiency.体现的是自治或自给自足。 Americans have traditionally valued rugged美国人历来重视崎岖
individualism.个人主义。 And there is no character有没有性格
more ruggedly individualistic than the Batman is.更多ruggedly个人主义比蝙蝠侠是。 In this, he is distinctively American: “[In在这方面，他是与众不同的美国： “ [在
comic books] the American Hero is portrayed as the lonely individual漫画书]美国英雄是描绘孤独的个人
confronting the forces of evil without support from a cowed or corrupt or对抗邪恶势力的支持，从cowed或舞弊或
impotent community…”无能，社会… … “ [4] [ 4 ]

Another religious value embodied by另一种宗教价值的体现
the Batman is his utilitarian use of evil and violence.该蝙蝠侠是他的功利使用邪恶和暴力。 Miller writes, “We?re not simple米勒写道， “我们呢？转口，并非简单
creatures.生物。 We all have God and the devil我们都有上帝与魔鬼
in us.在我们。 Batman makes his devils work for蝙蝠侠，使他的魔鬼工作
the common good.”共同富裕“ 。 [5] [ 5 ] Miller wrote this long before 9/11…but this米勒写了这漫长的前9 / 11 … …但是，这
sentiment could easily be said of the USgovernment in its response to情绪很容易被说的usgovernment在其回应
terrorism.恐怖主义。 How else could we justify a否则，如何能，我们有理由
pre-emptive military strike against Iraq-by definition and unjust act-unless we先发制人的军事打击伊拉克-由的定义和不公正的行为-除非我们
felt that it were for the common good?认为它是为共同利益？ Many Americans do unethical things because the “ends justify the许多美国人这样做不道德的事情，因为“结束的理由
means.” While this sentiment isn?t手段“ ，而这种情绪isn ？吨
unique to our nation, it is perhaps prevalent enough to be considered a part of独特的我们的国家，这可能是普遍存在的，足以被视为一个组成部分
the American ethos.美国校风。

This ties in to my previous这关系到我的前
statements about being intentional in our re-interpretations of the Gospel.报表被故意在我们重新诠释福音。 If we aren?t intentional, than the traits of如果我们肾脏？吨故意的，比性状
the American monomyth (Batman is one of many incarnations of this myth), will美国monomyth （蝙蝠侠是一个有很多的化身，这神话） ，将
infuse our understanding of who Christ is.注入我们的理解是谁，基督是。 This, in itself, isn?t the problem.这一点，在本身， isn ？吨的问题。 The problem is when the values infiltrating the gospel are问题是，当值的渗透是福音
anti-Christian-which the Batman is.反基督教的-这是蝙蝠侠。 The那个
Batman secures justice by inflicting violence.蝙蝠侠确保司法所造成的暴力行为。 Jesus secured justice for us by receiving it.耶稣担保正义为我们所接受。

One一个
area in which I believe our values have infiltrated the gospel is the dominance在这方面我相信我们的价值观已渗入福音是优势
of the penal substitution view of the atonement.对刑法替代鉴于赎罪。 In our view of justice, where the question of在我们的义利观，那里的问题
guilt is paramount, the guilty are displayed throughout the media as Americans罪恶感是至高无上的，有罪显示整个媒体作为美国人
everywhere demand punishment for their heinous crimes.无处不在的需求，惩罚他们的滔天罪行。 As the media has become more pervasive, so由于媒体已越来越普遍，因此，
has our cynicism.我们的犬儒主义。 Evil things happen all邪恶的事情发生，所有
around us, and our desire for not only justice, but also punishment, grows.在我们身边，和我们的愿望，这不仅正义，而且还处罚，增长。 [6] [ 6 ] It isn?t my aim to say the penal substitution它isn ？吨我的目标，也就是说，刑法替代
view isn?t biblical.鉴于isn ？吨圣经。 I am saying,我这样说，
however, that it isn?t the only approach to the atonement.但是，它isn ？吨，唯一的办法来赎罪。 Nevertheless, it is often presented by不过，它往往是由
evangelicals in this country as THE view of the atonement.福音派在这个国家作为的看法，赎罪。 As theologians, we need to reflect over how作为神学家，我们需要思考如何
much of our understanding of the faith is being shaped by values which are我们很多的认识，信仰正在形成的价值观，这是
antithetical to the gospel of Jesus Christ.对立的福音耶稣基督。 The Batman brings to light the cultural values which have been shaping该蝙蝠侠，使轻的文化价值观念已形成
our understanding of the gospel.我们的认识福音。

for further reading .为进一步读。 . 。 . 。

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